1. Although energy security is defined in a number of ways, this report uses the broad definition of energy security as found in Martin, William F. et al. Maintaining Energy Security in a Global Context, New York: The Trilateral Commission, 1996.

2. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Outlook 1998, www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo98/world.html

3. Yergin, Daniel, Dennis Eklof, Jefferson Edwards. "Fueling Asia’s Recovery." Foreign Affairs, Mar/Apr 1998.

4. These and other figures related to coal and oil have been drawn from Dr. Charles J. Johnson’s paper and presentation on "Energy Supply, Demand and Security Issues in Asia." Paper prepared for the APC Seminar on Energy Security in the Asia-Pacific, 15 January 1999, Honolulu, Hawaii.

5. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Outlook 1998

6. Drawn from Dr. James P. Dorian’s presentation at the seminar. Dr. Dorian is a resource economist with the Hawaii State Department of Business, Economic Development and Tourism.

7. Energy Information Administration (EIA), International Energy Outlook 1998.

8. ibid.

9. Yergin, Daniel, Dennis Eklof, Jefferson Edwards. "Fueling Asia’s Recovery." Foreign Affairs, Mar/Apr 1998.

10. EIA, International Energy Outlook 1998.

11. Johnson, Charles J. "Energy Supply, Demand, and Security Issues in Asia," paper presented at the APC Seminar on Energy Security, 15 January 1999.

12. Johnson, Charles J. "Energy Supply, Demand, and Security Issues in Asia," paper presented at the APC Seminar on Energy Security, 15 January 1999.

13. EIA, International Energy Outlook 1998, pg. 9, section on "Trends in Energy Intensity."

14. EIA, ibid.

15. BP Tables.